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Toyota Land Cruiser

Chronology

Prehistory

In 1941 the Imperial Japanese Army occupied the Philippines, where they obtained a Bantam Mk II, and promptly brought it to Japan. The Japanese military authorities commanded Toyota to make a similar vehicle but to not model the appearance on the American Jeep. The prototype was called the Model AK and was formally adopted by The Japanese Imperial Army as the Yon-Shiki Kogata Kamotsu-Sha ( The Imperial era 2604th model compact cargo-truck ).

Later in 1941 the Japanese government asked Toyota to produce a light truck for the Japan military campaign. Toyota developed a 1/2 ton prototype called the AK10 in 1942. The AK10 was built using reverse-engineering from the Bantam GP. There are no known surviving photographs of the AK10. The only known pictorial representations are some rough sketches. The truck featured an upright front grille, flat front wheel arches that angled down and back like the FJ40, headlights mounted above the wheel arches on either side of the radiator and a folding windshield.

The AK10 used the 2259 cc, 4-cylinder Type C engine from the Toyota Model AE sedan with a three-speed manual transmission and two-speed transfer gearbox connected to it. There is no mechanical relationship between the AK10 and the postwar Toyota “Jeep” BJ. Most of the AK10’s were not actively used (unlike the U.S. Jeep) and there are almost no photographs of it in the battlefield.

BJ and FJ

BJ and FJ

Production

1951-1955

Assembly

ARACO

Yoshiwara, Aichi, Japan

Body style(s)

2-door Softtop

Layout

FR layout

Engine(s)

3.4 L I6 B petrol

3.9 L I6 F petrol

Wheelbase

2,650 mm (104.3 in)

1950 – The Korean War created demand for a military light utility vehicle. The war put a Jeep on Japan’s doorstep. The United States government ordered 100 vehicles with the new Willys specs and Toyota was asked to build them.

1951 – The Toyota “Jeep” BJ prototype was developed in January 1951. This came from the demand for military-type utility vehicles, much like the British Land Rover Series 1 that appeared in 1948. The Jeep BJ was larger than the original U.S. Jeep and more powerful thanks to its Type B 3.4-liter six-cylinder OHV Gasoline engine which generated 85 hp (63 kW) at 3600 rpm and 215 Nm (159 lbft) torque at 1600 rpm. It had a part-time four-wheel drive system like the Jeep. Unlike the Jeep, however, the Jeep BJ had no low-range transfer case.

1951 – In July 1951, Toyota’s test driver Ichiro Taira drove the next generation of the Jeep BJ prototype up to the sixth stage of Mount Fuji, the first vehicle to climb that high. The test was overseen by the National Police Agency (NPA). Impressed by this feat, the NPA quickly placed an order for 289 of these offroad vehicles, making the Jeep BJ their official patrol car.

1953 – Regular production of the “Toyota Jeep BJ” began at Toyota Honsya Plant (Rolling chassis assembly), and body assembly and painting was done at Arakawa Bankin Kogyo KK, later known as ARACO (now an affiliate of Toyota Auto Body Co.). The “Toyota Jeep BJ” Series was introduced alongside the following:

BJ-T (Touring),

BJ-R (Radio),

BJ-J (Cowl-chassis for a fire-engine).

1954 – The name “Land Cruiser” was created by the technical director Hanji Umehara. “In England we had another competitor – Land Rover. I had to come up with a name for our car that would not sound less dignified than those of our competitors. That is why I decided to call it ‘Land Cruiser’,” he recalls.

1954 – The 125 hp, 3.9-liter Type F gasoline engine added for the fire-engine chassis. Models are renamed as:

BJ-T (Touring),

BJ-R (Radio),

BJ-J (Cowl-chassis for a fire-engine),

FJ-J (Cowl-chassis for a fire-engine).

20 Series

20 Series

Production

1955-1960

Assembly

ARACO

Yoshiwara, Aichi, Japan

Body style(s)

2-door Softtop

2-door Hardtop

2-door pickup truck

4-door Station wagon

Layout

FR layout

Engine(s)

3.9 L I6 F petrol

Wheelbase

2,710 mm (106.7 in)

1955 – The Second generation, 20 Series was introduced. It was designed to have more civilian appeal than the BJ for export reasons. It also had more stylish bodywork and a better ride thanks to longer four-plate leaf springs which had been adapted from the Toyota Light Truck. It had a more powerful 3.9-liter six-cylinder Type F gasoline engine. The interior of the vehicles were made more comfortable by moving the engine 120 mm (4.7 in) forward. The 20 Series still had no low range, but it had synchromesh on the third and fourth gears.

1958 – The first Station wagon Land Cruiser was introduced with an even longer 2,650 mm (104.3 in) wheelbase (the FJ35V; wagon and van). The FJ25 production started in Brazil being the first Toyota vehicle built outside Japan.

1957 – A 4-door Station Wagon was added as the FJ35V. Land Cruisers were first imported into Australia by B&D Motors as FJ25/28 cab chassis with Australian made bodies. They were the first Japanese cars to be regularly exported to the country and were initially used in the Snowy Mountains Hydroelectric Scheme.

40 Series

40 Series

Also called

Toyota Macho (Venezuela)

Production

1960-1984

Assembly

ARACO

Yoshiwara,Aichi, Japan

Body style(s)

2-door Softtop

2-door Hardtop

2-door pickup truck

4-door Station wagon

Layout

FR layout

Engine(s)

3.0 L I6 B diesel

3.9 L I6 F petrol

4.2 L I6 2F petrol

3.6 L I6 H diesel

Wheelbase

90 in (2286 mm)

Length

151.2 in (3840.5 mm)

Width

65.6 in (1666.2 mm)

Height

Softtop 76.8 in (1950.7 mm)

Hardtop 78.8 in (2001.5 mm)

Curb weight

Softtop 3,263 lb (1,480 kg)

Hardtop 3,427 lb (1,554 kg)

Fuel capacity

18.5 US gallons

Main article: Toyota FJ40

1960 – The 20 Series was upgraded to the now classic 40. Toyota made many production changes by buying new steel presses. Mechanically, the FJ40 was given a new 125 hp, 3.9 liter F engine and the Land Cruiser finally received low-range gearing. The Brazilian model was rebadged the Bandeirante and received a Mercedes-Benz built Diesel engine generating 78 hp.

1965 – Global production surpassed 50,000 vehicles.

The Land Cruiser was the best selling Toyota in the United States.

1968 – The 100,000th Land Cruiser was sold worldwide.

1972 – The 200,000th Land Cruiser was sold worldwide.

1973 – The 300,000th Land Cruiser was sold worldwide.

The first diesel Land Cruiser was introduced for export on long wheelbase models with a six-cylinder H engine[citation needed].

1974 – A four-cylinder 3.0-liter B diesel was offered. The introduction of this engine boosted sales in Japan by putting the Land Cruiser in a lower tax compact Freight-car category than its 3.9-liter gasoline version. Note: the new B diesel engine was different from the B gasoline engine used in the original BJ.

1975 – The 3.9-liter gasoline engine was replaced by a larger, more powerful 4.2-liter 2F unit.

The FJ55 received front disc brakes.

1976 – United States-version FJ40 Land Cruisers received front disc brakes like the FJ55.

The Toyota Land Cruiser Association was founded in California.

1977 – The Irish Army took delivery of the first of 77 FJ45 Land Cruisers. Although fast, reliable and with good off-road performance the type tended to rust excessively in the wet Irish climate. A few which did not succumb to the effects of weather were repainted in gloss olive green and survive as ceremonial gun tractors at military funerals.

1978 – The first BJ / FJ40 and FJ55 models were officially sold in West Germany with both diesel (BJ40) and petrol engines (FJ40 /55).

1979 – United States-version FJ40s were updated this year with a new wider, square bezel surrounding the headlights.

Power steering and cooler were offered in FJ40s for the first time.

The diesel engine was improved, evolving into the 3.2-liter 2B only in Japan.

The 3.6-liter H diesel engine was optional in some markets.

1981 – the Diesel version received front disc brakes and the more powerful 3.4-liter 3B engine.

50 Series

50 Series

Production

1967-1980

Assembly

ARACO

Yoshiwara, Aichi, Japan

Body style(s)

4-door station wagon

Layout

Front engine four-wheel drive

Engine(s)

3.9 L I6 F petrol

4.2 L I6 2F petrol

Transmission(s)

3 or 4-speed manual (J30, H41 or H42)

Wheelbase

2,710 mm (106.7 in)

Length

4,673 mm (184.0 in)

Width

1,710 mm (67.3 in)

Height

1,864 mm (73.4 in)

1967 – Production of the FJ55 began. The FJ55 was a 4-door station wagon version based on the FJ40’s Drive-train, replacing the 4-Door FJ45V (I). It was colloquially known as the “Moose”. It has also been referred to as a pig or an iron pig. The FJ55 had a longer wheelbase 2710 mm and was designed to be sold in North America and Australia.

Jan 1975 saw the F engine replaced by the 2F engine. Unusually for Toyota, the model (eg FJ55) did not change.

Model 56 is in Japan only, with 2F engine ( Jan. 1975 – Jul. 1980 ).

60 Series

60 Series

Also called

Toyota Samurai (Venezuela)

Production

1980-1990

Assembly

ARACO

Yoshiwara, Aichi, Japan

Body style(s)

4-door station wagon

Layout

Front engine, four-wheel drive

Engine(s)

3.4 L I4 3B diesel

3.4 L I4 13B-T diesel turbo

4.2 L I6 2F petrol

4.0 L I6 3F petrol

4.0 L I6 2H diesel

4.0 L I6 12H-T diesel turbo

4.2 L I6 1HZ diesel

4.2 L I6 1HD-T diesel turbo

Transmission(s)

4-speed manual H41F or H42F

4-speed automatic A440F

5-speed manual H55F (non-US)

Wheelbase

2,730 mm (107.5 in)

Length

4,675 mm (184.1 in)

Width

1,800 mm (70.9 in)

Height

1,750 mm (68.9 in)

The original Toyota Land Cruiser FJ 60 was available for purchase from 1981 through 1987. It is a front engine four door wagon which has available seating of five to seven. It is well known in the off-roading community for it’s tremendous 4X4 capabilities, despite being somewhat limited by its poor departure angle. The FJ 60 was offered in the following solid exterior colors: Alpine White, Brown, Desert Beige, Freeborn Red, Royal Blue; and in the following metallic exterior colors: Charcoal Gray, Cognac, Gray-Blue, Rootbeer, Sky Blue, Stardust Silver. In contrast to the FJ 62, the FJ 60 exhibits the classic round Land Cruiser headlights which are replicated now on the retro-style FJ Cruiser.

1980 – The 60 series was introduced. While still retaining the rugged off-road characteristics of previous Land Cruisers, the 60 was designed to better compete in the emerging sport utility vehicle market. The 60 was given a variety of comforts like air conditioning, a rear heater and an upgraded interior. The FJ60’s “2F” petrol engine was left unchanged from the “40″ series while six-cylinder 4.0 litre 2H and four-cylinder 3.4 litre 3B diesel engines were added to the product line.

1981 – Land Cruiser sales surpassed 1 million and a high-roof version was introduced. The 60 was introduced to South Africa when a stock Land Cruiser competed in the Toyota 1000 km Desert Race in the punishing wilds of Botswana.

1984 – This was the final year for the 40. Specialist suppliers of aftermarket parts and restorers who return old FJ40s to better-than-new condition replace Toyota dealers as the main source of Land Cruiser expertise.

1984 – Alongside the 60, the Toyota Land Cruiser 70 Series were introduced.

1985 – The Direct-injection 12H-T and 13B-T turbodiesel engine were introduced.

1988 – The petrol engine was upgraded to a 4.0-litre 3F-E EFI engine. The FJ62G VX-Series was introduced allowing the Land Cruiser to be sold in Japan as a passenger vehicle.

1990 – The 80 series station wagon was introduced, replacing the 60. The 80 was initially offered with a choice of three engines; the 3F-E six-cylinder petrol engine, a six-cylinder the 1HZ diesel and 1HD-T direct injection turbodiesel.

1990 – All 80s sold in North America and Europe now have a full-time four-wheel drive system. In Japan, Africa and Australia, a part-time system was still available. 80s produced between 1990 and 1991 had an open centre differential which was lockable in 4HI and automatically locked in 4LO. From 1992 onward, vehicles with anti-lock brakes had a viscous coupling that sent a maximum of 30% torque to the non-slipping axle. The differential was lockable in 4HI and automatically locked in 4LO.

Toyota Land Cruiser facelift (U.S.)

19871990 Toyota Land Cruiser (FJ62RG) GX (Australia)

70 Series

70 Series

Also called

Toyota Machito [2 Doors model](Venezuela)

Production

1984-Present

Assembly

ARACO

Yoshiwara,Aichi, Japan

Body style(s)

2-door pickup truck

2-door softtop / hardtop / troopie

4-door van

Layout

Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive

Engine(s)

4.0 L I6 3F petrol

4.5 L I6 1FZ petrol

4.2 L I6 1HD diesel turbo

4.2 L I6 1HZ diesel

2.4 L I4 2L diesel

2.4 L I4 2L-T diesel turbo

3.4 L I5 PZ diesel

3.4 L I4 13B-T diesel turbo

2.4 L I4 22R petrol

4.5 L V8 1VD diesel turbo

Transmission(s)

5-speed manual

Wheelbase

2,980 mm (117.3 in)

Length

4,995 mm (196.7 in)

Width

1,415 mm (55.7 in)

Height

2,070 mm (81.5 in)

Fuel capacity

1 or 2 90-litre tanks each

Main article: Toyota Land Cruiser 70 Series

BJ74 Mid wheel base FRP-top 3.4D-T LX (Japan)

HZJ75LV Troop Carrier 4.2D

HZJ79R Cab-chassis 4.2D

New South Wales Rural Fire Service Toyota Land Cruiser Personnel carrier

1984 – 70 Series was introduced. 70Heavy as a soft-top, hard-top, FRP top, utility, cab-chassis, and Troop Carrier (inward facing rear seats).The petrol engine was replaced with a 4.0-litre 3F engine. The 70 Light had a four-wheel coil spring solid-axle suspension for better ride quality. This lighter duty version of the Land Cruiser had the 22R 2.4-litre gasoline engine, 2L and 2L-T ( turbo ) 2.4-litre diesel engines commonly found in the Toyota Hilux. The 70 Light was sold in some markets as the Bundera or the Landcruiser II, later called 70 Prado. The 70 Prado eventually became popular and evolved into the 90. An automatic transmission (A440F) was introduced making it the first four-wheel drive Japanese vehicle with an automatic transmission.

1990 – New-generation diesel engines were introduced including a five-cylinder SOHC naturally aspirated motor (1PZ),and a six-cylinder SOHC naturally aspirated motor (1 HZ).

1993 to 1996 – the KZ 3 litre turbocharged diesel engine replaced the LJ in the 70 series in European markets where this model was known as the KZJ70.

1993 – An advanced 24-valve, 4.5-litre six-cylinder petrol engine, 1FZ-FE was introduced.

1999 – Toyota updated the 70 series in several ways. The solid front axle received coil-spring suspension. The rear leaf springs were lengthened for increased ride comfort and wheel travel. The six-bolt wheels were replaced with five-bolt wheels. Several smaller modifications to the drivetrain provided increased durability. The long-wheel-base models received new designations: 78 for the troop carrier, and 79 for the pick-up.

2002 – HDJ79 is introduced to Australia with the 1HD-FTE 4.2-litre six-cylinder 24-valve turbodiesel EFI engine.

2007 – Toyota’s first turbodiesel V8 engine, the 1VD-FTV was released in some countries for the 70 Series Land Cruiser. Other modifications include the addition of a 4-door medium-wheel-base model (the 76) and a significantly altered front look on all models.

The Sixth and Seventh generations of the Land Cruiser are still being produced and sold in African and Latin American regions, Venezuela is one of them, the Sixth generation is sold under the nickname of “Machito”(MACHO in Spanish is a very strong man, MACHITO is his son) and the Seventh being nicknamed “Autana” (After a mountain in the Gran Sabana region of Venezuela). NOTE: Production of the seventh generation of the Land Cruiser in Venezuela ended in 2008.

The 70 series (6th generation) is also still marketed in Australia as 4-door medium wheelbase, 2-door ‘Troop Carrier’ and 2-door utility.

80 Series

80 Series

Also called

Toyota Burbuja (Colombia Ver.)

Toyota Autana

Lexus LX

Production

1990-1997

Assembly

ARACO

Toyota City, Aichi, Japan

Cuman, Venezuela

Body style(s)

4-door SUV

Layout

Front engine / four-wheel drive

Engine(s)

4.0 L I6 3F petrol

4.5 L I6 1FZ petrol

4.2 L I6 1HD diesel turbo

4.2 L I6 1HZ diesel

Transmission(s)

4-speed automatic

5-speed manual

Wheelbase

2,850 mm (112.2 in)

Length

4,780 mm (188.2 in) (1990-94)

4,820 mm (189.8 in) (1995-97)

Width

1,830 mm (72.0 in) (1990-91)

1,930 mm (76.0 in) (1992-97)

Height

1,785 mm (70.3 in) (1990-91)

1,860 mm (73.2 in) (1992-94)

1,870 mm (73.6 in) (1995-97)

The Land Cruiser 80 series was introduced in late 1989. It had swing-out back doors, which were replaced by a winch door in 1995. The Land Cruiser was nicknamed the Burbuja (Bubble) in Colombia and Venezuela due to its roundness, but it was officially released as Land Cruiser Autana in both countries (In reference to Venezuelan Tepuys).

A 80 Series Land Cruiser

with swing-out back-doors

( Model HZJ81V Japan)

1995-1997 Toyota Land Cruiser (US)

1995-1997 Toyota Land Cruiser

with an electric winch

(HDJ81V Japan)

1990 – New-generation diesel engines were introduced, a six-cylinder SOHC naturally aspirated motor (1HZ) , and a six-cylinder SOHC turbo-charged engine (1HD-T). Land Cruiser sales reached 2 million vehicles. The 80 was introduced to the Australian market with two diesel and a four litre inline six-cylinder petrol carb engine 3F.(derived from the earlier 2F petrol motor from the 60 series.) By mid 1991 the 3FE was introduced which was a fuel injected version of the 3F.

1993 – An advanced 24-valve, 4.5-litre six-cylinder petrol engine, 1FZ-FE was introduced. Larger brakes were added from October 1992 and the total wheelbase was made slightly longer.Front and rear axle lockers (code k294) appeared as an option.

1994 – A limited edition Land Cruiser Blue Marlin FZJ80R was introduced into the Australian market. They have 4.5 L straight 6 petrol motors with double overhead cams, automatic or manual transmission and 158 kW (215 PS; 212 hp) at 4600 rpm. The car is blue from the Blue Marlin fish and they have the Blue Marlin logo throughout the car. Some of the features that the Blue Marlin included were altimeters, power windows, disk brakes, leather gear knob and steering wheel, central locking, leather trim, chrome handles and sidesteps, 16″ alloy wheels, limited slip diff, ABS (antilock brakes), power steering, CD and cassette players, flares and a limited edition bull bar. Only 500 were made.

1995 – Driver and passenger airbags were introduced as were adjustable shoulder-belt anchors and an anti-lock braking system. The “T O Y O T A” badge was replaced with the modern Toyota logo (which is sometimes described as a “bean with a hat” aka “the sombrero”).

1996 – In the Dakar Rally, a pair of Land Cruisers finished first and second in the unmodified production class. All American and British 80s adopted anti-lock brakes and airbags as standard equipment. Alongside the 70 and 80, the 90 Prado was added. The 90 Prado was made by Tahara Plant, available as a 3-door short wheelbase and 5-door long wheelbase version with either the 5VZ-FE petrol engine (24-valve six-cylinder, 3.4-litre), the 3RZ-FS (four-cylinder 2.7-litre) petrol engine or the 1KZ-TE turbodiesel (four-cylinder 3.0-litre) and 5L diesel(four-cylinder 3.0-litre). The Land Cruiser was withdrawn from Canada this year and was replaced by the Lexus LX.

1997- A limited run of Land Cruiser 80s was built specifically for collectors and therefore called the Land Cruiser Collector’s Edition. The Collectors Edition sported Collectors Edition badging, “Collector’s Edition” embroidered floor mats, automatic climate control, wheels with the “D” windows painted dark grey and special grey side moldings, and black pearl badging. The Collectors Edition was only available for the 1997 model year and the package was added to many of the available body colors.

1997- An unknown number of FZJ-80 Land Cruisers were sold in the United States as “40th Anniversary Limited Edition” models. They were available in 2 colours; Antique Sage Pearl (Often referred to as Riverrock, Pewter or Grey) and Emerald Green. The 40th Anniversary models included apron badging, a serial number badge on the centre console, black pearl exterior badges, “40th Anniversary Limited Edition” embroidered floor mats, automatic climate control, two-tone tan and brown leather interiors and wheels with the “D” windows painted dark gray. Many were manufactured with the optional electric front and rear locking differentials, keyless entry, port-installed roof racks and running boards. There are some examples that did not have many of these extras.

2008- Last 80-Series vehicle was built in Venezuela which was the only country producing the vehicles after production ended in Japan in 1997.

90 Series

90 Series

Also called

Toyota Mer (Venezuela)

Production

1996-present

90=Short wheel base

95=Long wheel base

100 Series

100 Series

Also called

Lexus LX,

Toyota Land Cruiser Amazon (UK 1998-2003)

Production

1998-2007

Assembly

ARACO

Yoshiwara, Aichi, Japan

Body style(s)

4-door SUV

Engine(s)

4.5 L I6 1FZ petrol

4.2 L I6 1HD diesel turbo

4.2 L I6 1HZ diesel

4.7 L V8 2UZ petrol

Transmission(s)

6-speed manual,

5-speed automatic

Wheelbase

2,850 mm (112 in)

Length

4,890 mm (193 in)

Width

1,941 mm (76.4 in)

Height

1,849 mm (72.8 in)

Curb weight

2,320 kg (5,100 lb)

Fuel capacity

80 l (21 US gal)

Toyota Land Cruiser (US)

19982002 Toyota Land Cruiser (FZJ105R) GXL.

1998 – Toyota introduced the 100 Land Cruiser to replace the 80.

At launch the UZJ100 featured the first eight-cylinder engine (4.7-litre 32-valve 2UZ-FE petrol engine) in a Toyota four wheel drive.

Other engines in non-US markets included the 1HD-FT/E turbodiesel.

For the first time in Land Cruiser history, the 100 Series featured independent front suspension for increased on-road handling. In Africa and certain other markets, Toyota offered a 105 model, which retained the solid front axle for more demanding off-road use.

The Land Cruiser won Australian 4WD Monthly’s “4×4 Of The Year” award for the third time in a row.

It was called the Land Cruiser Amazon in the UK until 2003.

1999 – In 1999 Toyota worked with Sega to produce an advertising tie-in for the Land Cruiser 100/Cygnus and other vehicles using the Sega Dreamcast. These featured detailed 3D models of the cars and other promotional video.

2000 – 50th Anniversary of the Land Cruiser. Total global production to date is 3.72 million vehicles.

90 Prados get active traction control (Active TRAC), Vehicle Stability Control (VSC), and electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD) systems as standard equipment in some markets.

2002 – All new 120 Prado is released and the 100 is restyled.

The centre of gravity was lowered by 30 mm, ensuring better stability and dual fuel tanks with a total capacity of 180 L in the new 120 Prado.

Downhill Assist Control and Hill-start Assist Control enhance the vehicle’s stability under difficult off-road conditions.

2007 – Toyota unveils the Lexus LX570 URJ200 at the 2007 New York Auto Show.

For model year 2007 on Japanese models only, G-Book, a subscription telematics service, is offered as an option.

200 Series

200 Series

Also called

Toyota Roraima (Venezuela)

Production

2008-present

Assembly

Toyota Auto body

Toyota City, Aichi, Japan

Tahara, Aichi Japan

Tianjin China

Body style(s)

4-door SUV

Layout

Front engine / four-wheel drive

Engine(s)

4.0 L V6 1GR petrol

2.7 L I4 2TR petrol

4.6 L V8 1UR petrol

5.7 L V8 3UR petrol

4.7 L V8 2UZ petrol

4.5 L V8 1VD diesel turbo

Transmission(s)

6-speed automatic

5-speed automatic

5-speed manual

Wheelbase

2,850 mm (112.2 in)

Length

4,950 mm (194.9 in)

Width

1,970 mm (77.6 in)

Height

1,880 mm (74.0 in)

Related

Lexus LX

The Toyota Land Cruiser was redesigned for 2008. Known as the 200 Series, it will share the 2008 Lexus LX’s platform and overall design. Though many time-honored Land Cruiser supporters have welcomed the re-invigoration of the mechanical aspects of the vehicle, the 200 Series has encountered criticism due to its controversial body restyling, with some claiming that Toyota has ‘overdeveloped’ the classic trademarked Land Cruiser identity in its efforts to fit the Land Cruiser in to modern 21st century motoring. Toyota presented its completely redesigned Land Cruiser in October at the 2007 Australian International Motor Show in Sydney. The vehicle entered production in September and was available for sale in November 2007. Although the new Land Cruiser was presented at its first motor show in Sydney, it was already on sale in Japan, launched there in September 2007. It also became available in Venezuela for sale early in November under the local nickname of “Roraima” (Taken from Mount Roraima in Venezuela). The 200 Series is offered in three different levels of trim in Australia and Oceania:

GXL

VX

Sahara

The 200 Series, offered numerous features and upgrades over its predecessor not limited to the cosmetic changes made to the body and interior, including:

Smart Entry – A sensor is triggered when the remote is brought near the vehicle, allowing the user to simply touch the door handle to open it.

Smart Start – Start/Stop push button for ignition; a key is not required.

4-zone climate control on Sahara models, with outlet vents increased from 18 to 28

10 airbags (VX & Sahara)

Stronger and lighter frame

Various driver assist technologies not offered on previous models including:

CRAWL; a four-wheel drive control system that operates like an off-road cruise control, automatically maintaining a low uniform vehicle speed using brakes and throttle.

Downhill Assist Control

A newly developed ABS system, the multi-terrain anti-lock braking system (ABS)

Kinetic Dynamic Suspension System (KDSS), allows for greater wheel articulation

Engine and transmission improvements include:

An all new optional V8 Diesel engine, the Toyota VD engine (A Twin-turbo version of the engine used in the 70 Series since 2007).

Automatic transmission standard across all levels of trim of the 200 Series, 5-speed manual transmission is offered only with the 4.0L GX models (in selected regions). A five-speed automatic gearbox is assigned to the 4.7L petrol models, while the 4.5L diesel models receive a six-speed automatic.

Sales numbers

Calendar year

United States

2000

15,509

2001

7,591

2002

6,752

2003

6,671

2004

6,778

2005

4,870

2006

3,376

2007

3,251

2008

3,801

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Toyota Land Cruiser

Toyota FJ40

Toyota FJ Cruiser

Toyota Land Cruiser 70 Series

Toyota Land Cruiser Prado

Lexus LX

References

^ Autoweb Australia

^ “SPY PHOTOS: More New Toyota LandCruiser”. Worldcarfans.com. 2007-02-13. http://www.worldcarfans.com/10702135056/spy-photos-more-new-toyota-landcruiser. Retrieved 2010-01-16. 

^ GoAutoMedia (2008-04-05). “Lexus LX LX570 5-dr wagon – First drive: LX570 is the lap of Lexus SUV luxury”. GoAuto. http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/story2/6A92D5E6237743F3CA25741E0004C020. Retrieved 2010-01-16. 

^ “Toyota 200 Series LandCruiser – www.drive.com.au”. Drive.com.au. 2008-01-11. http://www.drive.com.au/Editorial/ArticleDetail.aspx?ArticleID=47213. Retrieved 2010-01-16. 

^ a b c The Story of Land Cruiser. Tokyo: 4×4 Magazine Co.. 1985. http://forum.ih8mud.com/fj25-owners-group/241941-toyota-historical-pictures-3.html. 

^ “The Long Run Toyota: The first 40 years in Australia”, Pedr Davis, South Hurstville: Type Forty Pty Ltd, 1999, ISBN 0-947079-908, p24.

^ “Land Cruisers from Japan”. The Age: p. 1. September 20, 1957. 

^ O’Kane, Tony (January 18, 2010). “2010 Toyota Landcruiser 76 Series GXL Wagon Road Test and Review”. The Motor Report. http://www.themotorreport.com.au/48703/2010-toyota-landcruiser-76-series-gxl-wagon-road-test-and-review/. Retrieved January 19, 2010. 

^ a b c d e f g “Toyota Vehicle Identification Manual”, Toyota Motor Corporation, Overseas Parts Department, Catalog No.97913-84, 1984, Japan

^ “Toyota Mer” (in Spanish). http://www.toyota.com.ve/cars/new_cars/land_cruiser_90/index.asp. Retrieved 2010-01-10. 

^ “Car cutaway: Toyota Land Cruiser (1998) | ModernOffroader.com USA : SUV / Crossover / Truck / Hybrid”. Modernoffroader.com. 2009-05-06. http://www.modernoffroader.com/car-cutaway-toyota-land-cruiser-1998/289/. Retrieved 2009-12-12. 

^ “Toyota Doricatch Series – Land Cruiser 100/Cygnus ( LAND CRUISER /CYGNUS)”. SegaGaGa. 2007-08-17. http://www.segagagadomain.com/dreamcast-ntsc3/toyota-landcruiser.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-20. 

^ a b Toyota Japan 2009 Land Cruiser Prado

^ “Toyota Japan Land Cruiser (engine)” (in Japanese). 2009. http://toyota.jp/landcruiser/dynamism/engin/index.html. Retrieved 2009-06-17. 

^ Toyota USA 2007 (2008 US model year) Land Cruiser press release

^ Toyota Japan 2009 Land Cruiser

^ “Toyota Sets Sales Record for Sixth Year in a Row”. Theautochannel.com. http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2002/01/03/034042.html. Retrieved 2009-12-12. 

^ “Toyota Announces Best Sales Year in Its 46-Year History, Breaks Sales Record for Eighth Year in a Row”. Theautochannel.com. http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2004/01/05/175869.html. Retrieved 2009-12-12. 

^ “Toyota Reports 2005 and December Sales”. Theautochannel.com. 2006-01-04. http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2006/01/04/205039.html. Retrieved 2009-12-12. 

^ “Toyota Reports 2007 and December Sales”. Theautochannel.com. 2008-01-03. http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2008/01/03/074293.html. Retrieved 2009-12-12. 

^ “Toyota Reports 2008 and December Sales”. Theautochannel.com. 2009-01-05. http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2009/01/05/346214.html. Retrieved 2009-12-12. 

External links

Official Toyota Land Cruiser site – UK (English)

Land Cruiser Club of Southern Africa (LCCSA)

Official Toyota Website

Toyota Land Cruiser Association (TLCA)

TLC SERIE-4 FRANCE -only 40 serie LANDCRUISER

Land Cruiser Heritage

A history of the Toyota Land Cruiser

Toyota Land Cruiser Reviews Specs | Images

Toyota Land Cruiser crossing Tungufljot on road F338. | Video

Australian 80 series

The German Land Cruiser Club

Toyota Land Cruiser Data Library

buschtaxi.org – biggest european website for Toyota Offroaders

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Toyota Motor Corporation

Marques

Toyota  Lexus  Scion  Daihatsu  Hino  Subaru (FHI shareholder)  Isuzu (shareholder)  Yamaha (Yamaha shareholder)

Current vehicles

4Runner  Allion  Alphard  Auris  Aurion  Avalon  Avanza  Avensis  Aygo  bB  Belta/Vios  Blade  Camry  Camry Hybrid  Century  Coaster  Corolla  Corolla Axio  Corolla Fielder  Corolla Rumion  Corolla Verso  Crown Athlete  Crown Comfort  Crown Hybrid  Crown Majesta  Crown Royal  Dyna  Estima/Previa  Estima Hybrid  FJ Cruiser  Fortuner   Harrier  Harrier Hybrid  Hiace  Highlander  Highlander Hybrid  Hilux  Hilux Surf/4Runner  Hilux VIGO  Innova  Ipsum  iQ  Isis  ist  Kijang  Kluger  Kluger Hybrid  Land Cruiser  Land Cruiser Prado  Liteace  Mark X/Reiz  Mark X ZiO  Matrix  Noah  Passo  Passo Sette  Porte  Premio  Prius  Probox  Quick Delivery  Ractis  Raum  RAV4  Regius Ace  Rush  Semibon  Sequoia  Sienna  Sienta  Soluna Vios  Succeed  Tacoma  TownAce  ToyoAce   Tundra  Urban Cruiser  Vanguard  Vellfire  Venza  Verso  Vitz/Yaris  Voxy   WISH

Past vehicles

2000GT  AA  Allex  Altezza  Aristo  Brevis  Caldina  Cami  Camry Solara  Carina  Carina ED   Celica  Celica GT-Four  Celsior  Chaser  Classic  Corona  Corona EXiV   Corolla Ceres  Corolla Spacio  Corsa  Cressida  Cresta  Curren  Cynos  FA/DA  DA115  Duet   Echo  FJ40  Fun Cargo   Gaia   Granvia  Grand Hiace  Lexcen  Mark II  Mark II Blit  Mark II Qualis  Mega Cruiser  MR2  MR-S  Opa   Origin  Paseo  Picnic  Platz  Progrs  Pronard  Publica  Regius   Revo  Scepter  Sports 800  SA  Sera  Soarer  Sprinter   Sprinter Marino  Starlet  Stout  Supra  T100  Tamaraw  Tercel  Tiara  Van  Verossa  Vista  Voltz  WiLL  Windom

Concept vehicles

1957 Sports  Sports X   4500GT  A-BAT  Alessandro Volta  Avalon  AXV-IV  CAL-1  Camry TS-01  Celica Cruising Deck  Corona Sports Coupe  CS&S  eCom  EX-1  EX-11  EX-3  EX-7  F101  F1/Ultimate Celica  F3R  Fine-N  Fine-S  Fine-X  FT-86  FT-HS  FT-SX  FTX  FX-1  FXV  FXV-II  FXS  GTV   Hybrid X  i-swing  i-unit  Marinetta  Marinetta 10  Motor Triathlon Race Car  MP-1   NLSV  PM  Pod  Project Go   Publica Sports  RSC  RV-1  RV-2  Sport  Sportivo Coupe  Station Wagon  Street Affair   SV-1  SV-3  TAC3  VM180 Zagato  X   XYR

Engines  Transmissions  Manufacturing Facilities  Hybrid Synergy Drive  Toyota Racing Development  Motorsports

v  d  e

Toyota light truck timeline, North American market, 1980sresent (model years)

Type

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

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2

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Compact Crossover

RAV4

RAV4

RAV4

Compact SUV

4Runner

4Runner

FJ Cruiser

Mid-size Crossover

Highlander

Highlander

Mid-size SUV

4Runner

4Runner

4Runner

Full-size SUV

Land Cruiser

Land Cruiser

Land Cruiser

Land Cruiser

Sequoia

Sequoia

Minivan

Toyota Van

Previa

Sienna

Sienna

Pickup

Toyota Pickup

Toyota Pickup

Toyota Pickup

Tacoma

Tacoma

T100

Tundra

Tundra

Categories: Toyota vehicles | Off-road vehicles | SUVs | All wheel drive vehicles | 1950s automobiles | 1960s automobiles | 1970s automobiles | 1980s automobiles | 1990s automobiles | 2000s automobiles | Vehicles introduced in 1954Hidden categories: Articles with limited geographic scope | Articles needing cleanup from October 2007 | All pages needing cleanup | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from March 2009
About the Author

I am a professional editor from
Chinese Manufacturers
, and my work is to promote a free online trade platform.
http://www.chinaqualitycrafts.com/ contain a great deal of information about

laser pointer remote control
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welcome to visit!

How should I diversify my 401K?

I am 28 and have $27,000 in my 401k. I have never diversified my portfolio and just let it default into the company settings. I know I am losing alot of money. Anyway here are my options

I don’t know what the default settings are. I know at my company, it was the target retirement date for my age. Not a bad choice. I might go with:

55% Vanguard Total Market Index
20% Vanguard Total International Stock Index
20% Vanguard Total Bond Market Index
05% Vanguard Prime Money Market

DON’T BUY THE GOLD ETFs

30 Mar the Daily Stock Report

Fear has returned to the markets so the few weeks up the uptrend is decisively broken in all indices. The Dow30 was down -3.27%, NASDAQ Composite -2.81% and S&P-500 down 3.5% for the day. These types of sharp down (or up) days are usually signals that a downtrend is beginning and can be reliably used as a sign that more selling is to come in the coming weeks.

Asian markets opened up slightly and have sold off in the last 5 hours to negative territory. It may be that Asian Stocks get de-coupled from our markets with the news on North Korean having a missile on the launch pad and using the US journalists as bargaining chips. Japan, US and South Korea have sent warships to the region.

Now the focus for us is to watch how far down this pullback is and since the news has primarily been the sentiment indicator to watch, we will continue to watch for a change. Try to remember this– that in a steady uptrend in a good bull market (or a bull run within a bear market), the environment is one of a complacent, comfortable and stable environment with up days that are small and sustainable.

Toward the end of a bull run, investors and money managers are almost lulled into thinking that there is nothing that could go wrong and the sentiment shifts that 65% of investors, advisors and managers believe the bull market will continue. That is the ideal time to start selling your long positions when an extended bullish sentiment actually causes an overbought situation.

The opposite is true that the “peak time of fear or despair” is the time to start buying. We are not near either one of these extremes but we are still currently looking for this correction to turn into a shallow pullback that stocks could rebound and possibly catapult off of to higher highs made last week.

We continue to add to the “dream team” Stock List of candidates to buy long. Mostly they are made up of intermediate term trades with some swing trades and in sectors that were strong these past months.

The most likely scenario is a shallow pullback that may have started Friday and if we get several down days with a couple of them starting to scare investors again, then it could be we have more than a shallow pullback.

The housing stocks started turning down and the SRS, Proshares Ultrashort Real Estate ETF spiked today by 9.4%. We are likely to see more declines in the housing stocks with LEN, Lennar reporting below expectation Earnings after the market.

Oil moved down sharply with a 6.7% drop to close at $48.55 per barrel for light sweet crude. A little more attention on oil prices but this is likely a good opportunity to consider long positions on this bottom.

Intermediate Trade Positions: No new positions; holding short positions in banks and insurance companies. We will be adding to the collection of stock ideas below to consider buying long after pullback is completed: Keep studying these stocks, charts and fundamentals.

UTX, United Technologies (Swing)
MA, Mastercard
IBM, International Business Machines
TNH, Terra Nitrogen
BIDU, Baidu
AMZN, Amazon.com
BMC, BMC Software
RAX, Rackspace Hosting
SY, Sybase
RIMM, Research in Motion (SWING)
CIEN, Cienna
CREE, Cree Inc
DIOD, Diodes (semiconductor)
SWKS, Skyworks (semiconductor)
UEIC, Universal Electronics
RADS, Radiant Systems (SWING)
SWHC, Smith & Wesson
FCX, Freeport McMoran
GS, Goldman Sachs
MS, Morgan Stanley
MRVL, Marvell Technology
WFR, Memc
S, Sprint
GOLD, Rangold Resources
CMG, Chipotle Mexican Grill (MacDonalds subsidiary,SWING)
BKE, Buckle Apparel
ARO, Aeropostale
DNR, Denbury Resources (Oil & Gas)
NOV, National Oilwell Varco
PBR, Petrobras
USO, US Oil Index ETF
DBC, Commodity Index ETF
GSP, Total Return Index ETF
SMH, Semiconductor ETF

REPEAT: Let market pull back before getting too heavy in LONG positions. Stocks that have been the strongest and pull back the least amount with more of a sideways action are the ones to be watching for long intermediate trades.

Swing Trades: New Ideas: Keep waiting longer: BIG, Big Lots discount stores. This is not ready yet, wait until pullback is over.

Day Traders/Intraday stock ideas: Look for a bigger drop with the negative opening and take longer with more patience before buying any pops tomorrow. Look for good intraday trades in FSLR, ICE, BLK, CME, POT, MON, MOS, AMZN, AAPL, BIDU, USB, WFC, JPM and any high volume, high volatility stocks. Note FSLR was up on renewed interest in solar stocks and a contract awarded to FSLR.

IMPORTANT NOTICE: You are currently paying $59 a month for The Daily Stock Report to be delivered to you via email and full access to all reports and videos in the Members Area at www.TradeStocksAmerica.com. Your fee will never go up as long as you remain a member but you will see that our rates for new members will go up substantially over the coming two months. Be assured that your rates as current subscribers will not change. If you know anyone that is considering subscribing to our service, please let them know to consider subscribing at the current rate.

REPEAT: Many of you have emailed me with questions about not having the $25,000 to do intraday Trading. You can have 3 intraday trades in a 5 business day rolling period without having $25,000 in your account. Above $25,000 you can do unlimited intraday trades as long as your account equity is above $25k. You can have swing trades like we have been having the last 2 weeks and make a smaller amount of money, let’s say $10,000, to build up with swing trades.

Thoughts: Keep steady, calm, decisive, aggressive. Have no fear and no greed. Keep looking at what to be doing next in a calm manner. Don’t focus on the past or beat yourself up what you did or didn’t do or what you should have done. Just keep playing the next shot, which in this business your next shot could be just sitting on the sideline.

I am still expecting some sort of substantial rally in The Stock Market sometime this year mostly driven by the massive stimulus that has already been poured into the system plus the planned stimulus package being proposed now. Longer term though, in a couple years down the road, no doubt the taxpayer is going to have to pay for such the high debt amounts that the US government (and other countries) have taken on. So tax rates probably will rise in coming years, interest rates will very likely have to rise as inflation surfaces and likely the bear market resumes sometime down the road. But we don’t have to be stuck in a miserable cycle like most investors. With the techniques and approach to the market, we will still thrive.

If you have been uncomfortable shorting stocks, which most people are, try to learn this technique, it will be a useful tool in the coming years.

When I list several stocks from the same sector, like the housing industry for example, don’t short all of them unless you are well diversified and it represents a small percentage of your total stock account (in that same account).

Thoughts: Best odds only, be decisive, aggressive, mentally flexible, stay in position size, don’t overtrade and wait a little longer to buy and wait a little longer to sell. You will find that will make you more money on your trades. Trade what you see, not what you hope for. Intermediate and swing trades are really important to have trailing stop losses set.
Don’t trade unless the setup is there for you, then use the charts to tell you when the odds are heavily in your favor. Don’t force anything to work for you, let the setups develop and then take advantage of that. Be patient. Stay in position sizes without letting any intraday trade represent no more than 10-15% of your total account value. As you build your account, your position size percentage should get smaller and smaller to lower your risk.

Have a great day and I’ll talk to you this tomorrow.

About the Author

For more tips and information about
Stock Market Education
, please check:
http://www.tradestocksamerica.com/day-trader
.

Gerald Celente Alex Jones(12,29,09)(2)World Bank,Federal Reserve,Great Depression{2/5}

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Analyst Insight: Morgan Stanley Said All-Clear Signal Premature For Baxter International

Does e-bay,s new feed back policy fair or with some trick?Does e-bay reliable or not for it’s economic result?

E-bay’s new feed back policy gave some monkey buyeres a good chance to make lie and don’t to pay the payment.As all the sellers can not leave negative feed back to monkey buyers. Other wise e-bay gave sellers a big discount long time,but he said his business was grow up.Please to check it stock market.Is it a truth or just push some ones to buy it’s stock?
I think it is the time that government must to check this company very detail and carefull.As it is going some unhealthy way.If you read it’s some new policy. for eg.to push every member to use paypal(It is a very unreliable & unsafety payment method)……E-bay must follow with international auction policy to do the business,NO RETURN ,NO REFUND , NO REGRET…..

Ah, but ebay is also listing non-paying bidder strikes….so what’s the big deal?

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A comparison of market making structure (Research paper) …

Stock Market History Nasdaq Composite Index 10 Year Bear History Part 1

I need help with my AP U.S. History homework.?

The anti-combination laws passed by many states in the late nineteenth century were a response to which of the following organizational innovations?
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B) the development of industry wide trade associations
C) the joining of skilled and unskilled workers in industrial organizations
D) the formation of agricultural marketing cooperatives
E) the use of stock holding trusts to create business oligopolies

D. the formation of agricultural marketing cooperatives

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Software Testing Job Market Research: – Career Training @ Portnov School – 3

Stock Market Astrology XI

W D Gann was one of the greatest Traders of all time and he used astro charts in Trading. He made more than 50 millions dollars from The Stock Market. His theory was based on Cycles that history repeats itself. He asserted that stock market movements are cyclical and that stock market dynamics is pure maths ! One day the Market goes up by 2% and next day it comes down by 2%. What else can the movement be, except maths ? Mathematical and astrological principles are the ba sis of all.

The Cyclical or the Periodic Law

Everything is cyclical. Shelley’s ‘ If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind ” corresponds to the stock market equation ” If Recession comes, can Boom be far behind ” ! The Law of Bipolarity in Nature – rise & fall, flow & ebb, day & night, pleasure & pain, birth & death – corresponds to the gain and loss in the stock market. Technical Analyis points out that all scrips display regular and recurrent patterns of price behaviour. If you observe India’ s premier stock Reliance, you will come to know that it went up during boomtime and registered a sharp fall during recession.

Mr. Henry Hall, in his recent book devoted much space to ‘Cycles of Prosperity and Depression’ which he found recurring at regular intervals of time. The mathematical laws which we have applied in Zodiac Stock Market Astrology will give these cyclical swings, identifying the primary, secondary and tertiary trends. The resistance and the support levels of the Sensex and all major scrips can be known by these mathematical methods.

The Fourfold Economic Movement

The fourfold movement of an Economic Cycle are – Revival, Expansion, Recession & Contraction.

Gann averred ” If we wish to avert failure in speculation, we must deal with causes. Everything in existence is based on exact proportion and perfect relationship. There is no chance in nature, because mathematical principles of the highest order lie at the foundation of all things”

90% of the traders today are ” Lottery Traders” basing more on luck than on research. Stock trading is very lucrative and unfortunately there are no shortcuts. It is said that trading is easy but trading for profit is not ! A lot of time should be invested in research and study. Lottery traders believe in reading just a book and becoming a millionaire the next day. Like buying a lottery ticket and testing one’ luck ( where the probability of the investor getting the first prize is one out of 2 million ). 90% of all traders lose money because of a lack of discipline, patience and knowledge. All you need to succeed is just common sense. If you know basic maths, you can bring home the bacon. As W.D. Gann states: “If you can add, subtract, multiply and divide, you can do what I do”.

“It is so simple and easy to solve problems and get correct answers and results with figures that it seems strange so few people rely on them to forecast the future of business, Stocks and commodity markets. The basic principles are easy to learn and understand. No matter whether you use geometry, trigonometry, or calculus, you use the simple rules of arithmetic. You do only two things: You increase or decrease.” W.D. Gann (From his Stock Market Trading Course)

Elliot Wave Theory & Stock Market Astrology

Elliott concluded that the movement of the stock market could be predicted by observing and identifying a repetitive pattern of waves. We meant the same when we talked about planetary cycles in our earlier articles. In fact, Elliott believed that all of man’s activities, not just the stock market, were influenced by these identifiable series of waves. We meant the same that man’s activities can be predicted by these planetary cycles.

Astro-Economic Cycles

Stock Market Astrology states that Planetary Cycles do influence Economic Cycles. When we combine both we get the term Astro-economic cycles. The transit of the financial planet Jupiter do influence a nation’s economy. An adverse Jupiter in US’ horoscope is responsible for the fall of the Dow. We find that international indices are down. Only in India is there a stock market boom and this is due to the favourable posture of Jupiter in the lunar fifth.

By 2020, if we go by GDP growth , the No 1 nation will be China, second US & third India !

Secondary reactions are natural & the market is bound to bounce back once the correction is over. Grasim, Satyam Computers & Bharti Tele had reported excellent results. Amongst the cement companies, Grasim leads. Forbes includes Satyam, Infosys & Wipro in the list of the best corporations of India in their magazine. Also Bharat Forge. Knowledge, patience and discipline alone can win the game for us, as Gann remarked !

About the Author

Article by G Kumar, astrologer, writer and programmer of
www.eastrovedica.com . He has 15 years research experience in Stock Market
Astrology and various other branches of Astrology. Recently he was awarded
a Certificate by the Planetary Gemologists Association. as a Planetary Gem
Advisor. His Stock Market Astrology Blog is up at
http://stockmarketastrology.blogspot.com & lens at

http://squidoo.com/FinancialAstrology

Banks Recovered, but the Economy Struggled in 2009

Tokyo Condominium Prices Reaching For The Sky

Land prices in Japan climbed for a second year in 2007 after a 15-year downturn, as private funds and real estate investment trusts competed to attain properties in the country’s largest cities.

A 2007 survey by the Real Estate Economic Institute and a group of real estate appraisers shows that the index of the coupon yield on condos in Tokyo fell to 4.1 per cent last year – down 0.7 percentage point from 2006. The index for the five central-Tokyo wards of Chiyoda, Chuo, Minato, Shinjuku and Shibuya also fell down 0.7 point to 4.1 per cent.

The return is calculated by simply dividing rental income by the amount invested. Calculations were performed on the assumption that funds were managed by Investing in developer-built condos freshly launched on the market in 2007.

The slide in the return has occurred for a third consecutive year for the overall Tokyo market. The Earnings for central Tokyo has been following a downward trend since the survey started in 2000. Last year, condo prices for overall Tokyo increased to 755,000 yen (US$7,243) per sq. meter, a rise of 12.3 per cent. But rents detracted 3.4 per cent to 2,552 yen per sq. meter.

The number of condominiums ready for sale in the Tokyo metropolitan area slumped 29.7 percent in April to 2,875 units, plummeting for the eighth straight month as prices continued to surge, the Real Estate Economic Institute reported. The year-on-year figure is the worst since 1993 and reaffirms the fact that the condominium market is cooling.

The Tokyo-based private research firm revealed the shrinkage in supply is being caused by condominium prices that are rising along with the price of land, inducing people to delay decisions to buy. Among all the condos that went on sale in Tokyo and neighboring areas in the reporting month, 63.1 percent attracted buyers, falling 11.2 points for the 24th consecutive year-on-year slide, according to the institute.

A prompt recovery in the condominium market is improbable as distributors will be keen to sell units they purchased at high prices, at least for the time being. Prices rose 1.7 percent on average after improving 0.4 percent a year earlier, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport said in Tokyo. Average commercial land progressed 3.8 percent from 2.3 percent in 2006, and residential land increased 1.3 percent from 0.1 percent.

Higher condominium prices coupled with stagnant wages are diminishing demand for residential property. Average wages downturned in 2007 and condo prices rose as developers lrestricted supply and allowed record steel and copper costs to home buyers.

Home prices are likely to plunge within several months because of an oversupply of condominiums and depleting affordability for households according to Takehiro Sato, chief Japan economist at Morgan Stanley in Tokyo. It’s natural to witness a drop in demand.
Consumer confidence reached a five-year low. Household assets declined for the first time in five years last quarter as shares slumped, a Bank of Japan report demonstrated last week. The Topix index of Stocks has plummeted 17 percent this year after a 12 percent drop in 2007.

An alteration in building regulations may also be decreasing gains in residential land prices, according to Sato. The government’s establishment of stricter building-permit rules last June resulted in a logjam in applications that ‘worsened the cash position of condo developers,’ making them less capable to pay higher prices for new sites, Sato said. Tokyo condo prices climbing is definitely going to have a telling impact on the property market in Japan.

About the Author

Gregory Smyth is an independent author providing assessment and comments on leading International Property Consultants in Asia and Greater China, especially CB Richard Ellis.

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Motorola Milestone XT720 Unlocked Phone with Android OS, 8 MP Camera and HD Video – International Version (Blue/Silver) $262.95 Motorola MILESTONE XT720 is an Android 2.1 smartphone, ready to take great images with its 8MP camera with Xenon flash. This really looks to be the most camera-centric Android handset to date, especially when you throw 720p HD video recording into the deal. Other than that, the Motorola MILESTONE XT720 seems to be a very good looking handset with characteristic design, large 3.7-inch, 480×854 reso…

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How to lose millions – dangers from “unique” business offers. Business risks and scandals. Lessons from collapse of Icelandic Banks. Safer investments and managing your money wisely.

Indian Stock Market – the Reason Behind Booming of Indian Stock Market

Over the past two years, it has been observed that with the sluggish economy rate, every country is suffering. However, the Indian stock market is still booming with its results, and it is the best example for attracting foreign investors. Having fallen along with other world markets during the last year crash, it actually bucked the global trend and was nowhere near testing its multiple year lows.

Indian market returns over the past couple of years have actually beaten most other global markets. The following is the good reasons for booming of The Stock Market.

While it is still classed as an emerging market, Indian strength comes from the fact that its internal market is not only huge, but also better insulated than China, Brazil, Russia and South Korea. It operates at its own pace, seemingly oblivious to what happens around it. With a population of over one billion, India has a huge edge over smaller emerging markets because it has the critical mass to withstand minor shocks to the system. India is not reliant on a huge export market for the bulk of its growth.

It has a huge, educated middle class. In fact, Indians middle class population is larger than that of the entire United States. Of course, this middle class earns less on average than poverty line families in America, but it has the capacity to spend enough money to buy products that were once considered luxuries. This generates tremendous economic activity without the issues of trade balance.

Because of Indian protectionist business nature, companies tend to thrive without the threat of multiple national competition. Most of the foreign investors are recommending Indian Stock market for future benefits. Finally, there are some well established and experienced stock market agencies providing their services to their customers. For more information and details, please do not hesitate to visit their informative website.

About the Author

This website provides the latest information of Indian stock market with stock prices & market indexes of the different industries.To know about Indian STOCK MARKET visit our website.

My 401k, should I invest in my company stock or Mutual Funds?

my company stock is pretty low right now, its at $13/share

Well, that mainly depends on two things:

1) Why did your company’s stock fall?
Is your company losing a lot of money? Is there a chance it will go bankrupt in the next year or two? Is it in a cyclic industry with a downturn that will recover with the US economy?

2) Does you company have a 401k matching plan? Many companies will match your investment, particularly when it in the own stock. For example, perhaps the company will give you 1 share for each 4 you buy, giving you a 25% profit cushion to hedge against future losses. In this case, the company stock will likely be a better investment.

Of course, you should talk with your HR rep about these matters. He/she can explain your options better (your mutual fund choices will likely be limited which will help narrow down your decision). You can also talk to experienced employees at your company and see what they recommend, because they may have a better idea of the future performance of the company as well how the company has reacted to dips in the past.

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28 July 2009 NYSE Opening Bell ETF Securities

International Investing: Going Global

China has been in the news quite frequently the last few months. Whether it’s been the stories of large offers to purchase American-owned companies, or their gradual rise in status to economic super-power, the Communist nation is clearly making waves in the world markets.

China is making aggressive moves to one day rival the U.S. in economic dominance on a global scale. According to U.S. News and World Report, in the year 2020, China’s economy will pass Japan’s to become the second largest in the world. Second, of course, only to the U.S. China’s major industries include oil and petroleum, as well as telecommunications. And the country is home to an estimated 2 million people who have a net worth of a least $40 million. That number is only expected to grow, and with it, so will opportunities for investment.

Diversification has long been a basic rule of thumb for investment. But never before has there been such a wide range of opportunities for diversification outside of the U.S. and those opportunities only seem to increase daily. China’s experiment with capitalism means more and more opportunity for U.S. investors who wish to tap into an ever-growing and potentially lucrative worldwide market.

Many experts differ in how much global investment to keep in your portfolio. Some warn to stay away completely. The world markets have not always done so well, and are often volatile, which is one more reason to keep a sensible balance within your portfolio between foreign and domestic holdings. But others recommend investing up to 20% or more of your portfolio in the worldwide markets to increase diversification. Diversification seeks to reduce risk while maximizing returns by investing in dissimilar asset classes. It should be noted that this strategy does not prevent losses from occurring in a down market.

A great deal of the emerging markets success, experts believe, can be attributed to restructuring by countries around the world. Many believe that Japan is expected to start moving from a manufacturing economy to a service economy soon. Experts believe that the transition will bring numerous potential opportunities for success, both in Japan and across the globe

So how do you take advantage of such a global economy? While something can be said for buying and supporting the U.S., China and many other developing countries, offer a distinct opportunity for global investment in an emerging market. Opportunities abound for investment in global funds, indexes, or bonds, and other global investments which target specific countries or a group of countries. All of these added markets and countries in your portfolio can lead to greater diversification in an attempt to minimize risk.

As the world moves forward, economies are gradually shifting and always adapting. The ones that are doing it quickly and efficiently are seeing a great deal of success. Investing in global markets is not without risk. The volatility can be extreme at times. But that’s why diversification has become such a popular Investment Strategy. With the proper balancing and a specific investment strategy formulated with a financial professional, you can invest in countries across the world and potentially take advantage of world growth. And add a bit of international flavor to your portfolio in the process.

International Stocks entail special risks associated with international investing, including currency exchange fluctuation, government regulations, and the potential for political and economic instability.

About the Author

Robert Valentine is a well-known expert in the matters concerning investors. His popular
Retirement Planning

articles have been published by several publications throughout the United States. Please visit his website,
http://www.themoneyalert.com
to view his column.

Why is international diversification so important?

In reviewing several international etfs, VGK, VPL, ILF, MES etc., all of which followed the S&P down during the meltdown, why is exposure to international stocks considered so important? Wouldn’t it be better to just buy a few stocks from around the world like PBR, AMX, NSRGY, IBN, CHL or TM and hedge the portfolio with a market short etf? I’m not saying buy them all or anything like that in fact I already own a few, it just bugs me that when all heck broke loose, everything fell, even the international stocks so can someone please tell me what I am missing about diversification? Paul?

Remember that old economic adage;
“When the US gets the sniffles, the rest of the world gets a cold.”

It seems to me that over the last 30 months or so, the US got pneumonia, and the rest of the world got …..well….pneumonia too!

I’m not a “trader”. I don’t claim to be one, and those that are good at it have my respect, but they are few and far between. I have the license that allows me to act as a broker and trade for others, but I’m much better at structuring a buy and hold investment portfolio for a given risk tolerance, as opposed to trying to be a Stock Picker. One thing I’ve learned about ETF’s and other new investment vehicles is that the introduction of many of them is demand driven. If there is an interest in a specific area or procedure or market trick or developing technology, some firm will issue a new ETF or UIT or CEF or Mutual Fund to serve that demand. Too many of these new issue securities are devised by guys with PHD’s in mathematics who wouldn’t know a weather related downturn in a commodity (as a random example) from a turned down bed.

Much of modern portfolio theory got thrown out the window during 2008 and early 2009 because it seemed as if there was no safe asset class at all. But that was a once in a lifetime event. If every recession and market correction was as severe as what we all just went through (and are still going through, to be sure) it wouldn’t really matter where you put your money.

But luckily, most recessions and market corrections aren’t like that.

I still think MPT ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_portfolio_theory ) and diversification has merit and I am a firm believer in trying to mitigate risk whenever possible. But the world is a very different place from the days when that theory was devised. Hell, when that theory was first formulated, the primary transport for the overwhelming majority of Chinese was the bicycle. I think you’re aware of how much things have changed.

I don’t really have an answer for you, Douglas. I don’t think you are missing anything, to be honest.

Want to know what the absolute perfect play would have been from Oct. of ‘07 when the Dow peaked at over 14,000 to the end of 2008? It’s easy to see in retrospect, but damned few people did this, I’ll bet and it is the antithesis to being diversified;

If you had sold every single equity position you had in early October of 2007 and bought new or recent issue, 30 year Treasury bonds the same day, you could have bought those bonds for between 90 and 95% of par. Those bonds were paying a 4.5% coupon at the time. If you had held those bonds for just 14 months – from Oct. 07 to December of 08 and sold them, you would have seen the bonds increase in value from $950 a piece to around $1400 a piece AND been paid $45.00 per bond in interest payments. In December of 2008 the yield on the 30 year fell all the way to 3% AND BELOW! It bottomed out at 2.53% on December 18, 2008. That was the perfect play. No tricks, no options, no shorting, just simply exchanging equities for long treasuries. And you would have seen a +45% return on your money for the year while every long equity portfolio on the planet was DOWN about the same.

Almost every conservative portfolio model I have dealt with, and by that I mean ones with a Beta of less than 1, had the international sleeve as less than 25%, usually WAY less. The more aggressive the mix, the higher the international percentage. That has or will likely change over time as the BRIC’s of the world get past the stage of being “emerging” and become more established. There are two billion people between India and China that now have access to information on an unprecedented scale and they will all want what people in the west take for granted; Cars, Air conditioning, refrigerators and other appliances, modern sanitation systems, highways, etc. etc. etc. So counting them out in the coming decades would be a mistake.

All is not lost for the USA though. In spite of many opinions I have read on the internet regarding the failures of the American system, in the past, many people and countries have underestimated the ingenuity and capability of the American people to bounce back.

They will do so again at their own peril.

There is another old adage;
Buy on panic, Sell on euphoria,

I’ll add one more thing. Where is the absolute last place you would consider investing? What geographical area or asset class would you currently consider as something to be avoided at all costs?

THAT is the one to start taking a hard look at now.